Post by account_disabled on Mar 16, 2024 0:17:38 GMT -5
Its main components are propane and butane. Its fields accompany crude oil and are extracted together with it. LPG is obtained as a byproduct of crude oil processing. CNG stands for compressed natural gas, which is extracted from wells. It is a natural gas, mainly methane. It may also contain small amounts of nitrogen, ethane or propane. The content of each component depends on the gas field. Read more about chemistry for the fuel industry . And about the extraction and production of oil and gas . Lubricants Lubricants are equally important for motor vehicles. They play several roles in controlling friction and wear of individual components. Lubricants also protect the engine against corrosion , ensure proper piston temperature, and much more. The general classification of lubricants used in the automotive industry includes: Motor oils are lubricating agents that protect the engine. The vast majority are made up of base oil, the rest are additives that affect their properties. The base is usually provided by mineral oils, which are a mixture of liquid hydrocarbons from the processing of crude oil. Additives used include surfactant compounds (acting as emulsifiers ), viscosity modifiers or anti-corrosion agents. The main function of transmission oils is to reduce friction between coupling elements. Its main component is the base oil, which is a mineral or synthetic oil.
The rest is made up of various additives. Plastic greases applied to the connections of moving elements (such as bearings or joints). The structure of plastic greases resembles a structure made of a thickener (usually simple soaps, waxes, polymers or hydrolyzed silica) with an oil inside. The large volume phase in lubricants is dominated by the continuous phase, which is made up of mineral or synthetic oils, polyglycols, esters CZ Leads or liquid silicones. Improvers such as metal powders, Teflon or molybdenum disulfide are also used. The composition of plastic greases can vary greatly depending on the manufacturer and the properties and final use of the grease. Learn more about industrial lubricants and functional fluids . Automotive galvanic cell, that is, the battery. The battery is a reversible electrochemical energy source. In cars, it is responsible for storing energy that can be used, for example, to power all the equipment and systems of the car or to start the engine. Chemical reactions occur in each cell, which are the source of electrons. Electrons in motion form electric current. The main type of batteries used in cars are lead-acid batteries. Batteries are highly "chemical" devices. They are made up of a series of cells interconnected in series. They are placed in separate compartments of a casing made of acid-resistant material. A single cell consists of positive and negative plates arranged alternately. The positive electrode is made of lead dioxide and the negative electrode is made of porous lead.
The structure of each plate is formed by a grid of a lead and calcium alloy. The latest batteries also contain another chemical element: silver. Increases the device's resistance to cyclic operation and high electrolyte temperatures. The plate spacers of a battery are made of polyethylene . The space between the plates is filled with a 37% aqueous solution of sulfuric acid (VI). The principle of operation of batteries is based on the chemical reaction that occurs. Sulfuric acid (VI) water causes the acid molecules to break down (dissociate) into hydrogen ions and acid radicals, which are transported between the positive and negative plates as the battery charges and discharges. When the battery is connected to a current receiver, current flows through the electrolyte. The chemical composition of the electrodes changes and lead sulfate is formed, which causes the battery to discharge. Charging is done by reversing the entire process. When current is passed from an external source, such as a rectifier, it causes the lead sulfate to convert back to lead dioxide and porous lead. The charging process is also accompanied by the decomposition (electrolysis) of water into oxygen and hydrogen. Car care chemicals No one needs to be convinced that car maintenance is extremely important. Not only does it keep the car clean and in good condition, but it also helps extend the life of many items of equipment. Products used for vehicle care are commonly known as car care chemicals . These include products designed to: Body care, upholstery care, board care, Preserve mechanical parts. The products listed contain various chemicals. Its type and quantity depend on the final use.